Which of the following scenarios describes mandatory reporting?

Mandatory reporting refers to the legal requirement of certain professionals to report specific types of injury or abuse to authorities. Each scenario presented involves circumstances that typically require mandatory reporting due to the potential for abuse or harm.

For the first scenario involving a 64-year-old male with multiple bruises, even though the individual is an adult, the presence of unexplained bruising can raise concerns about elder abuse, which necessitates reporting to protect the individual.

In the second scenario with a 4-month-old infant presenting with retinal hemorrhages, this situation can be indicative of abuse, such as non-accidental head trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome). This can lead health care providers to enact mandatory reporting to child protective services to ensure the child's safety.

The third scenario of a 19-year-old with a gunshot wound is another serious case that may also require mandatory reporting. Depending on the circumstances surrounding the injury—specifically if it's believed to be a result of violence or if there were any implications of criminal activity—health professionals may be obligated to report this to authorities.

Given that each scenario involves significant concerns for the safety and welfare of individuals that could involve abuse or violence, all of these situations fall under the umbrella of mandatory reporting requirements. Thus, the correct